How Serious Is It?

Thyroid cancer is relatively rare, and the prognosis for most patients who are diagnosed with thyroid cancer is quite good. The biggest risk associated with thyroid cancer is that the cancer cells can spread beyond the gland into the lymph nodes, which would allow the cancer to spread quickly to other parts of the body. According to the American Thyroid Association, the 10-year survival rate for patients younger than 45 who have detected tumors early is 100 percent, and deaths from thyroid cancer any time thereafter is extremely rare. Patients who are older than 45 and those with larger, more advanced tumors still have a very good prognosis, although the risk of cancer recurrence is higher. Some patients have tumors that cannot be completely removed with surgery or radioactive iodine treatment, but these patients are often able to live a long, healthy life, despite the fact that they will continue to live with cancer. It’s important that you have an understanding of your specific profile because in many cases, you will need to undergo lifetime monitoring, even after successful treatment. Some patients may need to begin taking thyroid medication to replace the hormones created by the gland.

What Are the Signs?

If you suspect thyroid cancer, a thorough family history is important in furthering a diagnosis. You’ll want to share with your doctor any family history of thyroid diseases, a personal history of radiation exposure, and any details on the growth rate of the nodule you see or feel. Thyroid cancer often does not cause symptoms early on, making early detection less likely than some other forms of cancer. As the tumor grows, it may cause symptoms such as:

·         A visible and palpable lump near the skin on the neck, which often resembles a lopsided Adam’s apple.

·         Vocal changes, including but not limited to hoarseness

·         Difficulty or discomfort while swallowing or a choking sensation

·         Pain or discomfort in the neck and throat, which may focus on the base of the front of the neck and radiate up to the ears