2)    Music Therapy – This is part of what’s termed “expressive arts” therapy and involves listening, singing and sometimes playing a musical instrument as a way to bring forth the psychological issues affecting the patient. It’s been used as a therapeutic tool for centuries, and studies have shown it promotes healing of physical issues as well as mental ones like depression and anxiety.

3)    Shamanic Journeying – A therapist guides the patient through a journey using talk to hear, feel and see symbolic things. It is based on the belief that a person can connect to the spirit world via an ecstatic trance, then go into a transcendent reality of the Upper, Middle and Lower Worlds. The concept is these inner realms have been within us since creation and are part of the psyche. Once within, the patient will use these insights to interpret beyond their own awareness.

4)    Wilderness Therapy – This is used with so-called “at-risk” youth and presents a series of challenges to correct behaviors and provide activities and challenges wherein youths can “find” themselves. The challenges mimic family and social structures so that youths can look within themselves and come up with solutions that are better than the ones they’ve used in the past.

5)    Feminist Therapy – The many challenges women have faced throughout history are examined, and ways to overcome oppression are taught. Patients are urged to verbalize the limitations they’ve experienced and the sociopolitical status that has been imposed on them, exploring solutions to help with their own mental health and to effect social change.