First-world problems. Lifestyle choice. There are a lot of misconceptions about what eating disorders are and whether or not they are true diseases. Regardless of the misconceptions, facts show that about 50 percent of Americans either know someone who has an eating disorder or have been personally affected by one. And because of the stigma surrounding eating disorders, many people shy away from seeking help, even when they realize that they have a problem.

Most eating disorders involve focusing pathologically on weight, body shape and food, which leads to dangerous eating behaviors. These behaviors can harm the heart, digestive system, bones, teeth and mouth and can lead to serious diseases. While eating disorders strike both genders and can develop at any age, they often develop in adolescent and young adult years.

Eating disorders are not lifestyle choices. They are serious, potentially life-threatening conditions that negatively impact your health, your emotions, and your ability to function in your day to day life. Of the many eating disorders that exist, there are three common ones, which each have their own classic symptoms. Understanding the common diseases and characteristics of each is the first step towards acknowledging a problem in yourself or a loved one.

Anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa, or simply anorexia, is a potentially life-threatening disorder that’s characterized by dangerously low body weight, pathological fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight and body shape. People who suffer from anorexia take extreme measures to control their body weight, which begins to interfere significantly with their health and life.

People who suffer from anorexia excessively limit their caloric intake and exercise to an extreme. They may take laxatives, water pills or other diet aids to lower their weight further.  Sufferers may complain about being overweight or point out nonexistent fatty areas on the body, or they may vomit after eating to avoid gaining weight.